Academician Tan Jianrong is an expert in mechanical engineering in China, an academician of the CAE Member, a distinguished professor and doctoral supervisor of the "Truth Seeking Scholar" of Zhejiang University, and the head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering. He is mainly engaged in research on mechanical design and digital manufacturing. His research achievements have won four second prizes of the National Science and Technology Progress Award, seven first prizes of provincial and ministerial science and technology progress awards, and his teaching achievements have won three national outstanding teaching achievements awards, including one first prize and two second prizes.

The following is the transcript of Academician Tan's speech at the 2019 Central Intelligent Manufacturing Industry Development Forum:

Digital Transformation and Intelligent Manufacturing in Manufacturing Enterprises - Key Technologies and Development Trends

Zhengzhou is an important city in central China and a region where manufacturing industries gather. Manufacturing enterprises are paying attention to transformation and upgrading, which is very urgent.

The necessity of transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises

In the forty years of national reform and opening up, great achievements have been made, which is a historic achievement. Forty years ago, why did everyone worry about food issues, especially in Henan and Anhui, where food stamps were very limited. Food stamps were only cancelled in the early 1990s when Deng Xiaoping went south. When it comes to growing a body, there is no food to eat, and when it comes to gaining knowledge, there is no book to read. After graduating from junior high school, I entered a factory and became an apprentice, earning three to five yuan per month. At that age, I was very lucky to receive this salary. At that time, the basic living expenses were 12 yuan, and the government also provided 12 yuan for college students. In today's words, when entering the system, the government will issue you with food stamps, soy sauce stamps, etc. I worked at Zhejiang Huzhou Machine Tool Factory for 15 years and went on a business trip to Nanjing. When you arrived in Nanjing, you had to eat and waited in line at the store. After half an hour of filming, you had to eat and there were a lot of begging around. So, 40 years before the reform and opening up, most of us were worried about food. However, in the 40 years since the reform and opening up, especially in the manufacturing industry, we have achieved great results, transitioning from a country with scarce commodities to a country with overcapacity and highly abundant material wealth. Why are we worried now? We are worried about losing weight and maintaining a slim figure. Without manufacturing, the country could not have so many products. In the early 1990s, during the reform and opening up period, there was an Asia Department Store in Zhengzhou, which was the largest department store in the country. Now, the form has changed to e-commerce, making physical stores difficult. I think it is a problem that only arises during development. In the 40 years of reform and opening up, great achievements have been made, and there are also many problems. However, everyone is unwilling to see the problems. I advocate not only seeing the premise of great achievements in the manufacturing industry, but also facing and facing the problems that exist in the manufacturing industry. Just two days ago, we did not report on a large scale. China and the United States held trade talks and made some progress. The working groups of both sides are following the consensus reached by the two heads of state, Argentina, and are currently in talks. So why is the United States so powerful? The information technology in the United States is very powerful, from the Internet to the Internet of Things, from big data to cloud computing, from virtual reality to artificial intelligence, from theory, methods, technology, tools to software, all of which were first proposed by American scholars. The leading manufacturing industry in the United States means that its high-end manufacturing industry is far ahead. The first manufacturing power is the United States, so it is ranked second according to different ranking methods. Manufacturing powers can rank different countries according to different rankings. However, based on the total GDP, China is second, with 1.4 billion people in China and 200 million people in the United States. Our total GDP is two-thirds of the United States, and based on the technological content of the manufacturing industry, The UK ranks second, while Germany ranks second in terms of product quality. Let's look at three industries: high-power aviation engines for civil aviation aircraft, which only two countries in the world can do. Aviation engines have become the crown of the manufacturing industry, and now the two crowns are in the hands of the United States and the United Kingdom; The second industry: high-end diagnostic and treatment equipment, including CT, MRI, and medical robots, are all American. The market is divided up by GPS (GE, Philips, Siemens), while the third industry is chips. High end chips are monopolized by Qualcomm and Intel, and the equipment used to make chips is called lithography machines. Two companies can make lithography machines, one is from the Netherlands, but they are still managed by Intel in the United States Samsung of South Korea and TSMC of Taiwan, China of China) Nikon and Canon (Nikon acquired Canon), two Japanese photolithography companies, from the perspective of these three industries, the United States is still leading, high-end manufacturing industry is monopolistic, Sino US trade focus, trade deficit, the United States attaches importance to manufacturing technology, the United States proposes a national strategic plan for advanced manufacturing, three priority breakthroughs in technology, advanced manufacturing perception control technology, intelligent manufacturing technology platform Advanced material manufacturing; Germany has launched "Industry 4.0", emphasizing three major themes: intelligent factories, intelligent production, and intelligent logistics. China's manufacturing industry has achieved many achievements, but there are also many problems. Both central and state-owned enterprises need to transform and upgrade, and our development is basically at the middle and lower end of the industrial chain. Most of our enterprises engage in extensive production, OEM production, lack of independent brands, help others process and assemble, and lack core technology, Transformation and upgrading are needed. How to transform? It requires digital manufacturing, networked manufacturing, and intelligent manufacturing. Whether it is the advanced manufacturing plan in the United States, the 4.0 in Germany, or the transformation and upgrading of Chinese enterprises, they all require industrial interconnection and intelligent manufacturing.

Market Changes and Manufacturing Enterprise Issues

The changes in the manufacturing industry, we used to produce mechanized products, but by the 19th century we had electrified products. Lenin had said that communism was socialism plus electrification, and Lenin had raised electrification very high. So electrification was the latest form at that time. Now, when we are developing towards informatization and transitioning to intelligence, we are most concerned about the first generation of products. Enterprises use products to achieve profits, support workers, support society, and contribute to society, Products are our carrier, and entrepreneurs are concerned about what we produce. To produce a good generation of products, we need a generation of craftsmanship. Different craftsmanship for the same product results in different effects. A generation of craftsmanship requires a generation of tooling, which ensures the design of the tooling. Why are there many problems in our manufacturing industry? The biggest problem is that enterprises lack design capabilities, Our processing ability is relatively strong, but of course, high-end precision machining is also relatively weak, compared to our design ability. Many of our enterprise brands have everything, but our research and design capabilities are weak. The surrounding products require a generation of design, and a generation of design requires a generation of technology. However, many of our enterprises lack core technology. Today is the past 10 days in 2019, and last year was just 2018, Two bad news came from Northeast China: firstly, Dalian Machine Tool Factory applied for bankruptcy to the court, and secondly, Shenyang Machine Tool Factory owed 35 billion to the bank. Shenyang Machine Tool Factory is known as the world's largest machine tool factory, with a large scale, but its true innovation and design capabilities are very poor. Without a generation of design, it also lacks a generation of technology. Without technology, you may not be able to compete in the market. Why machine tool factories cannot adapt to the current situation is mainly due to market changes, which mainly include four major changes: firstly, the development from batch production in the past to customization, with batch production as the main focus to produce customized products; Secondly, it is simplification. In the past, enterprises only produced a single product. Thirdly, the cycle was long. In the past, when developing a product or developing a product, the mobile phone cycle was very fast, with a new product every six months and fast updates. Fourthly, it is popularization to high-end. For example, in the machine tool industry, there is a serious oversupply of low-end machine tools in China. Machine tools are a major exporter and importer, and high-end machine tools still rely on imports. The supply of high-end products is in short supply, Overproduction of mid to low end products.

Ways for Manufacturing Enterprises to Realize Intelligent Manufacturing

In recent years, information technology has developed rapidly, with four characteristics: from Internet technology to Internet of Things technology, from virtual reality technology to augmented reality technology, from grid computing technology to cloud computing technology, and from machine learning technology to deep learning technology, forming several intersecting fields, including industrial interconnection, hybrid reality, big data, artificial intelligence, and around industrial interconnection, big data, artificial intelligence, and intelligent manufacturing, The information technology used includes human-computer interaction technology, condition perception technology, data mining technology, autonomous learning technology, and autonomous decision-making technology. These five technologies are typical manufacturing application technologies of digitalization and intelligence in our manufacturing enterprises. How to transform digital transformation and intelligent manufacturing? This time, I would like to share my personal experiences and opinions on the first product innovation+innovative technology. The first hurdle of transformation and upgrading is innovative design. Enterprises without design capabilities will eventually die. More than a decade ago, the Governor of Zhejiang Province said that the only way out for Zhejiang enterprises is through transformation and upgrading. At that time, I didn't fully understand that most of Zhejiang enterprises did well. Looking back, this Governor is very skilled and saw the drawbacks of this industry. Nowadays, everyone can make products, and if you want to make them, you can create unique products. The new generation of products can obtain 50% of the market and profits, while our manufacturing industry does not have 5% of the profits. The way to solve difficulties depends on product innovation and innovative technology. The second industrial interconnection+intelligent manufacturing. Through industrial interconnection and intelligent manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing has three core issues: knowledge base/knowledge engineering, dynamic sensing/real-time perception, and autonomous learning/decision-making. Manufacturing knowledge is the soul of intelligent manufacturing. Nowadays, many enterprises engage in intelligent manufacturing, using robots, robotic arms, and automated production lines, which cannot be called intelligent manufacturing or automated production. We need to summarize the valuable processing knowledge and experience of manufacturing enterprises. We now look at the specific output value of the enterprise, what advanced equipment and modern factory buildings it has. In the future, we will compare what we need, how much knowledge we have, how much knowledge we provide for this industry, and what knowledge we provide for the industry, which is a strong symbol of our enterprise's dependence. Intelligent design is the leader of intelligent manufacturing, improving production efficiency and addressing market needs. In terms of the process of intelligent manufacturing, it is divided into four key links: intelligent design, intelligent processing, intelligent assembly, and intelligent services. The third is technological innovation+process improvement. The method of intelligent manufacturing requires restructuring, optimizing, and restructuring our processes to achieve process improvement. The fourth is precision production+enhanced quality. General Manager Li Keqiang visited Toyota in Japan. Japan's technology is too advanced, and they promoted lean production in the 1970s. Precision production is just in time production plus lean production, and the term precision is used many times. It is not only used in industrial production, industrial management, and industrial technology, but also an effective means of enhancing quality. Precision production is a prerequisite for intelligent manufacturing. If it is still extensive production, You cannot solve your problems with robots, machine replacement, or intelligent manufacturing, so precision production is necessary. The fifth is model innovation+extended services. To turn services into products, we need to transform the manufacturing industry into manufacturing services, and extend our industrial chain through services. The sixth is big data analysis+market expansion. Expand our market through big data analysis. In summary, we can achieve digital transformation and intelligent manufacturing from six aspects. Implement the top 10 key technologies for intelligent manufacturing, including self sensing, adaptive, self-learning, self decision-making, and knowledge base.